Institutional pathways for climate-resilient forestry: Empirical evidence from Europe

This paper explores how institutional frameworks influence the transition towards climate-resilient forestry in Europe. Based on a survey of 168 experts from the forestry sector, research institutions, public authorities, and civil society, the study identifies key barriers, including outdated legislation, fragmented governance, and limited long-term funding. It also highlights the importance of regionally sensitive governance, stable financial support, science–policy collaboration, and stakeholder engagement in strengthening forest resilience. The findings underline the need for cross-sectoral cooperation and adaptive governance to support climate-smart forest management across diverse European contexts.