Variable seriality: Surfaces and additive manufacturing as design research

This paper investigates the role of variable seriality in the design of modular surfaces produced through additive manufacturing, interpreting the surface as a project-based system rather than a finishing element. The aim is to explore how modular repetition, combined with controlled variation of morphological and production parameters, can generate surface configurations capable of producing differentiated spatial and perceptual effects. The study adopts a design research methodology, integrating parametric digital design, additive manufacturing, and critical observation of prototypes. The experimentation resulted in a repertoire of modular surfaces developed through systematic variations in geometry, depth, and density. The results show how additive manufacturing enables strong continuity between digital models and physical artifacts, transforming seriality into an open design strategy. The paper proposes modular surfaces as flexible systems for the built environment, contributing to the debate on architecture and technology by reinforcing design as a knowledge-producing practice.