Ripristino degli ecosistemi forestali degradati e valorizzazione economica delle utilità ecosistemiche

Forest degradation and biodiversity loss represent a risk to global ecological and economic stability. In Italy, many forests have been simplifi ed due to past management practices, within a European context characterized by habitats often in unfavorable conservation status. Th is paper examines silvicultural guidelines aimed at improving simplifi ed forests and the enhancement of biodiversity, with the objective of providing practical insights for the implementation of EU Regulation 2024/1991 in Italy. Th e analysis outlines methodological approaches categorized into active and passive management strategies. Active strategies emphasize the promotion of natural regeneration, the increase of structural and temporal stand complexity, and the maintenance of adequate levels of growing stock. Particular attention is given to the retention of coarse woody debris and habitat trees to support forest biodiversity. Regarding passive management strategies, the protection of natural dynamics (rewilding) in protected areas and the safeguarding of old-growth forests are promoted. Th e integration of these strategies, supported by multi-level governance, is essential for enhancing ecosystem resilience and achieve the EU’s climate and environmental goals.