Image-Based Directional Characterization of Masonry Panels via Diagonal Compression Testing

This paper presents a resolution-aware image-based workflow for the mechanical characterization of a real masonry panel starting from a diagonal compression test and linear finite element simulations. The wall texture is converted into a binary image and transformed into FE discretizations at different coarsening levels. A dedicated diagonal-compression load case with virtual transducers is used to extract a shear-related global observable, against which the elastic parameters of units and mortar are calibrated via Latin hypercube sampling. The accepted parameter set is then propagated through deterministic directional simulations, and the resulting orientation-dependent normal, tangential, and coupling-related moduli are described through sampling-based variability bands obtained from quantile envelopes.