Education in addictive behaviors: The effects of the ‘DIPENDE!’ video with early adolescents

Background: The present study investigated the efficacy of the “DIPENDE!” video in middle school students. We hypothesized that exposure to the video in the Experimental Group (EG) would (a) increase correct cognitions about addictions (towards alcohol, nicotine, and problematic smartphone use), (b) reduce intentions to engage in these behaviours in risky situations, and (c) not produce any unintended increase in craving. Methods: An environmental sustainability video was developed for the Control Group (CG). Both videos were designed according to the conceptual change model within a metacognitive framework. Participants were 194 adolescents: 110 comprised the EG, and 84 the CG. Linear Mixed Models were applied, accounting for the nested structure of students within classes. Results: Results showed a significant increase in addiction related correct cognitions in the EG. No significant changes emerged in intentions to engage in risky alcohol or nicotine use, nor in craving for these substances, in either group. In contrast, craving for smartphone use and intentions to use smartphones in risky contexts significantly decreased in both groups. Importantly, no iatrogenic effects were observed. Conclusion: These findings are discussed considering prevention research, and directions for future studies are outlined.