Development of an updated version of the Code of Ethics of Italian physiotherapists: rationale and methodology

Background: A number of technological, demographic, cultural, organisational and social issues emerged since the current code of ethics of physiotherapists in Italy was published in 2012, making an update mandatory. The development process of a Code of Ethics is understudied and underreported, leading to a lack of consensus. This article describes the methodology employed for developing an updated version of the Code of Ethics, implementing a participatory model. Methods: A mixed, multi-step methodology was applied, involving 38 local orders and 74,401 physiotherapists across Italy. Consultation with professional institutions, a literature review, and a comparison of other codes of ethics were conducted. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to all members, and four focus groups were organised to discuss the emerging themes. Results: The basis for updating the current code of ethics was built on various sources, such as literature and other codes of ethics, as well as the involvement of all physiotherapists nationwide. Conclusions: The proposed approach could serve as an example for developing or updating a code of ethics using a participatory model, in order to enhance engagement and participation in professional governance processes.