Enhancement of dehydroepiandrosterone solubility and bioavailability by ternary complexation with a-cyclodextrin and glycine

In the present work we investigated the possibility of improving dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) solubility and bioavailability by high-energy cogrinding with a-cyclodextrin (a-Cd) in the presence or absence of different auxiliary substances (glycine, biomaltodextrin, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(ethylene glycol) 400). In all cases, ternary products exhibited higher drug solubilizing properties than the binary DHEA–a-Cd coground system. Glycine was the most effective component. The best combinations, corresponding to 1:1:2 and 1:2:3 drug–a-Cd–glycine molar ratios, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry and evaluated for dissolutionrate.Thepresence of glycinefavoreddestructionofDHEAcrystalline structure during cogrinding, as evidenced by the strong reduction in both time and vibration frequency of milling necessary to obtain total drug amorphization. Both ternary products showed better dissolution properties than the drug alone, affording, respectively, a 40 and 60% increase of dissolution efficiency. The 1:2:3 coground product was then selected for in vivo bioavailability studies in women suffering from adrenocortical insufficiency. DHEA and DHEA sulfate blood levels were significantly higher ( p<0.001) after oral administration of the coground product than after oral administration of untreated drug, with a 100% increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of concentration versus time. Moreover, the time to reach maximum concentration (tmax) decreased from 2.2 with the untreated drug to 0.5 h with the coground product, and the mean permanence time of DHEA within physiological levels was four times longer for the coground product compared with the untreated drug. These results indicate that the developed product is particularly suitable for oral DHEA formulations in hormone replacement therapies.