Type 3 metallothioneins respond to water deficit in leaf and cambial zone of white poplar (Populus alba L.)

The involvement of metallothioneins (MTs) in response to plant water stress and recovery was assessed by analyzing gene expression in leaves and in the cambial zone of white poplar. One-year-old plants were submitted to two different watering regimes: irrigation was withheld for 9 d and then resumed until day 17, or soil moisture was maintained to field capacity by irrigation during the experiment. Changes in leaves and stem water relations, gas exchange and CO2 assimilation were recorded. The expression profiles of MT genes were analyzed in developing leaves and the cambial zone at maximum stress levels and after recovery and compared with the watered controls. Whole-plant water relations were significantly affected by water deprivation, though a complete recovery of plant water status was reached after resumption of watering. Withholding irrigation resulted in a significant decrease of leaf turgor potential and relative water content without a significant increase of the osmotic potential at full turgor. Similarly, stem water content decreased, leading to a marked increase of stem shrinkage, confirming that mild water stress affected primarily tissue water status. Following water depletion, the transcript analysis of MT genes revealed increased expression of type 3a and 3b MT.