Bacterial community analysis on the mediaeval stained glass window ‘‘Natività’’ in the Florence cathedral

Microbial corrosion of glass causes problems on delicates antique glass samples. Until now, the effect of microbial activity on corrosionphenomena has not been well documented. Only a few studies have been published concerning the microflora growing on glass surfaces. The present study deals with the characterization of cultivable aerobic bacteria isolated from the historical glass window ‘‘Nativita`’’ in the Florence Cathedral, designed by Paolo Uccello and realized by Angelo Lippi between 1443 and 1444. Microbial strains were sampled from four of the 25 panels of the ‘‘Nativita`’’ in the occasion of a recent conservation treatment, due to the presence of various kinds of crusts. One hundred microorganisms were isolated, about 50% bacteria and 50% fungi. Bacteria were submitted to morphological characterization and classified in the Gram group. For twenty strains, from different glass panels, the 16S rDNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed genus Bacillus, Arthrobacter and Paenibacillus as the most representative. In particular Bacillus and Paenibacillus are crusts associated. Phylogenetic relationship among isolates was determined. Chemical analysis of the glass and crusts completed the study.