CCD transversal filter frequency distortions caused by CTI - Analytical evaluation and simple compensation technique

General expressions for the amplitude and phase deviations of charge-coupled-device transversal filter response due to charge-transfer inefficiency (CTI) were evaluated. Deviations for some common FIR filters were given, the results of which proved to be in close accordance with those obtained from computer simulations. A simple modification algorithm of the filter coefficients for compensating the effects of the CTI on the filter frequency response was found to be effective in reducing deviations of filter amplitude and phase responses. Computer simulations and examples of actually implemented filters showed the accuracy of the analysis and the effectiveness of the algorithm.