Comparison of UWB Impulse, FMCW, and Noise Radar for Through-wall Bioradiolocation with Finite Difference Time Domain Simulations

Using the ¯nite di®erence time domain (FDTD) method we have conducted bio- radiolocation simulation to assess the e®ectiveness of remote monitoring of the cardiorespiratory parameters of human behind opaque obstacles by radar. The radiation source types under study are ultra-wide band (UWB) impulse, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), and ran- dom electromagnetic noises. The impulse radar demands the most sophisticated hardware source modulation but minimal in software for imaging process. In contrast to the impulse radar, the FMCW radar possesses the advantage of much less demand on high sampling rate electronics, thus reduces the cost of high rate A/D converters, and achieves the similar resolution as the impulse radar but with lower cost on hardware. The noise radar approach possesses the major advantages of the FMCW radar, with the addition of low probability of intercept, and the ability of being immune from interference when multiple noise radars operate in the same frequency band in the vicinity. This paper will present the simulation results for the 3 types of radar detection of human car- diorespiratory parameters and discuss the pros and cons of each of these radar techniques and recommend the approaches for a number of detection scenarios, including the multiple moving human targets within the radar antenna beam.