Reduced natural killer function in children with recurrent respiratory tractinfections

Respiratory infections are the major cause of disease in childhood in the industrialized areas of the world. This essentially depends on two factors: immunological immaturity and immunological naivety. In most cases a virus has been considered the causative agent in respiratory infection. A defect in immune responses has been described in children with recurrent respiratory infections and in particular a decrease in CD4/CD8 T lymphocyte ratio or in IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. Our results show that Natural Killer (NK) cell activity is defective in children with recurrent respiratory infections. That is particularly noteworthy since NK cells play an important role in host defense against viral infections. At present it is difficult to understand whether the NK defect is a primary defect or it is secondary to viral infections. Further studies will help to clarify whether NK decreased activity depends on a cell damage directly caused by virus or it depends on the decreased levels of cytokines.