In Multigate Spectral Doppler (MSD) analysis, hundreds of small sample volumes (SVs) aligned along a PW-line can be simultaneously investigated. The so-called spectral profile, reporting the scatterers velocity distribution in a vessel, is obtained by estimating the frequency content of the echoes detected from each SV. The preferred frequency estimator is the Welch method, which is robust and fast, but requires an Observation Window (OW) of at least 64-128 samples to guarantee adequate spectral resolution. The Blood Amplitude and Phase EStimator (BAPES) and the Blood Iterative Adaptive Approach (BIAA) are alternative methods, which were recently proven suitable of producing good spectrograms from one SV using shorter OWs. This paper shows that BAPES and BIAA can be successfully applied to MSD estimations. The use of short OWs can be exploited to produce spectral profiles with high temporal resolution and/or to perform simultaneous investigations at multiple sites. Two in-vivo examples of application are reported: in the first, the blood velocity distribution during the fast systolic acceleration in a carotid artery is detailed with high temporal resolution; in the second, four spectral profiles are simultaneously detected at different sites of the carotid bifurcation.
Adaptive Spectral Estimators for Fast Flow Profile Detection / Stefano Ricci. - In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL. - ISSN 0885-3010. - STAMPA. - 60:(2013), pp. 421-427. [10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2579]
Adaptive Spectral Estimators for Fast Flow Profile Detection
RICCI, STEFANO
2013
Abstract
In Multigate Spectral Doppler (MSD) analysis, hundreds of small sample volumes (SVs) aligned along a PW-line can be simultaneously investigated. The so-called spectral profile, reporting the scatterers velocity distribution in a vessel, is obtained by estimating the frequency content of the echoes detected from each SV. The preferred frequency estimator is the Welch method, which is robust and fast, but requires an Observation Window (OW) of at least 64-128 samples to guarantee adequate spectral resolution. The Blood Amplitude and Phase EStimator (BAPES) and the Blood Iterative Adaptive Approach (BIAA) are alternative methods, which were recently proven suitable of producing good spectrograms from one SV using shorter OWs. This paper shows that BAPES and BIAA can be successfully applied to MSD estimations. The use of short OWs can be exploited to produce spectral profiles with high temporal resolution and/or to perform simultaneous investigations at multiple sites. Two in-vivo examples of application are reported: in the first, the blood velocity distribution during the fast systolic acceleration in a carotid artery is detailed with high temporal resolution; in the second, four spectral profiles are simultaneously detected at different sites of the carotid bifurcation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
UFFC12_Bapes_SR.pdf
Accesso chiuso
Tipologia:
Versione finale referata (Postprint, Accepted manuscript)
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati
Dimensione
1.44 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.44 MB | Adobe PDF | Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in FLORE sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.