Hofmeister Phenomena in Nonaqueous Media: the Solubility of Electrolytes in Ethylene Carbonate

The solubility of some potassium salts (KF, KCl, KBr, KI, KNO3, KClO4, KSCN, and KSeCN) in ethylene carbonate (EC) was determined at different temperatures with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. From the solubility measurements, the thermodynamic parameters ∆G, ∆H and ∆S, of solution and of solvation, were calculated. Measurements were carried out via XRD, ATR, and FTIR to determine the effect of each salt on the properties of the solvent. The open question of whether specific ion (Hofmeister) effects are restricted to hydration peculiar to water is resolved. As for water the effects are due to solute (ion, dipolar) induced solvent structure not accounted for by electrostatic forces. Cooperative quantum mechanical forces are necessary to understand the phenomena.