contributo allo studio della satisdatio pro praede litis et vindiciarum

Gai 4.88-93 explaines two in rem defendant’s satisdationes (iudicatum solvi and pro praede litis et vindiciarum) like one. Because the difference between formula petitoria and agere in rem per sponsionem is great, satisdationes iudicatum solvi and pro praede can not be the same. Paper proposes a new reconstruction of satisdatio pro praede litis and vindiciarum, not based, as usual, on cautio iudicatum solvi, but regarding duplione damni decisio of XII tab. 12.3 about praedes litis et vindiciarum in legis actio sacramenti in rem.