Forest Certifications in Sustainable Forest Management: Concerns Associated to its Application in A Forested Area of Tuscany

Forest certification was launched over a decade ago to help protect forests from destructive logging prac- tices. The systems adopted by the Italian forests, are based on an independent evaluation, or a certification of an external body. This study aims to define the direct and indirect costs that a logging company must address to achieve forest certi- fication. The reference is to Tuscany (Italy) and some types of forestry enterprise. The study examines the direct and indirect costs to accede to the process of forest certification.