The General Health Questionaire (GHQ-12) in a Sample of Italian Workers: Mental Health at Individual and Organizational Level

The current study aims at measuring mental health in a sample of Italian workers as to evaluate theusability of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), both at individual and organizational levels.Indeed, working in unhealthy organizations appears to be particularly risky for workers. A database was builtfrom data collected through a survey of workers in Italian industrial and public firms. The final samplecomprised 2,707 employees from 55 Italian organizations. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conductedin which different competing models were tested. In addition, we measured the degrees of mental health bothat individual and organizational levels by using a two-step cluster analysis. The findings of this study indicatethat the GHQ has potential not only for measuring mental health at individual level but also at organizationallevel. In addition, demographic data was associated with mental health and appeared useful for epidemiologicalpurposes. Finally, the use of a two-step cluster analysis illustrates the conceptualization of different degreesof mental health problems. These findings have some important theoretical implications for mental healthpromotion and also offer several opportunities for more in-depth research. Furthermore, these findings havethe potential to help organizations prevent mental health problems at individual and organizational levelsconcurrently.