Milk production and sustainability of the dairy livestock systems with a high calving concentrate pattern at the early spring

A research was development with the objective to evaluate the effects of different factors that affect the efficiency of the calving concentrate pattern at the early spring dairy systems in Cuban since 1988 until 2013. The results were obtained for the information of 210 dairy farms with high concentration of calving in early spring (60-80% of calving of annual) and find an important effects on more milk production and minor quantities of fuel oil consumed/1000 kg of milk produced than non concentrate calving pattern dairy systems. In theses cases the responses on milk production was great in the range of 21506kg to 46250kg respect to others. The operational costs were diminished in all time with pattern of early spring calving on 35.1% - 29.7%. The results reached, with low supplements, minor energy costs per kg of milk produced per/cow and ha with high calving concentration in spring respect to the others systems with disorder in calving pattern are superior. The global warming potential (GWP) in the systems with high concentration of calving in early spring was approximately 31-27 % minor the methane production based in more better Forage-Concentrate relation (81% forages-19% concentrates) in the feed than the others systems, and positives balances of Nitrogen with values of –7.2 kg./ha./year to16.4 kg./ha./year and values of 14-29 % and 11-36% of minor discharge of the Sulfur (S) and Phosphorus (P) to the environment respectively than confirm the sustainability of the seasonal milk production systems in Cuban dairy farms conditions.