CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS Foundations, a conceptual model and some derivations: the AMADEOS legacy

The general availability of a powerful communication infrastructure (e.g., the Internet) makes it possible to interconnect existing self-contained computer-systems— called Constituent Systems (CS)— that already provide a useful service to their users. Such a composition of a set of independent and autonomous systems that brings about novel services to their stakeholders is called a System-of-Systems (SoS). The purpose of building an SoS out of CSs is to realize emergent services that go beyond the services provided by any of the isolated CSs. Emergence is thus at the core of SoS engineering.This book on Systems of Systems documents the main insights on Cyber-Physical System of Systems (CPSoSs) that we gained during our work in the European Research Project AMADEOS (acronym for Architecture for Multi-criticality Agile Dependable Evolutionary Open System-of-Systems). The objective of this research was to bring time awareness, dynamicity and evolution into the design of SoSs, to establish a sound conceptual model that provides a well-defined language for describing SoSs, to investigate the intricate topic of emergence in an SoS, and to outline a generic architectural framework and an SoS design methodology, supported by some prototype tools, for the modeling, development and evolution of time-sensitive SoSs. It is the objective of this book to present in a single consistent body the foundational concepts and their relationships in order to form a conceptual basis for the description and understanding of SoSs and to go deeper in what we consider the characterizing and distinguishing elements of SoSs: time, emergence, evolution and dynamicity. Although the chapters of the book are arranged in a logical order, an effort has been made to keep each chapter self-contained. The book contains at the end a glossary of all the terms and concepts used to ease reading and provide a reference for relevant terms in the domain of SoSs. This book can be used as a textbook or supplemental reading for advanced teach-ing on SoSs, their concepts and their design. In addition to this book, a set of slides is available that helps a lecturer in the development of the teaching material for an advanced course on Systems of systems