The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is one of several space astronomy payloads onboard China's Space Station, which is planned for operation starting around 2025 for about 10 years. The main scientific objectives of HERD are searching for signal of dark matter annihilation products, precise cosmic electron (plus positron) spectrum and anisotropy measurements up to 10 TeV, precise cosmic ray spectrum and composition measurements up to the knee energy, and high energy gamma-ray monitoring and survey. HERD is composed of a 3-D cubic calorimeter (CALO) surrounded by microstrip silicon trackers (STKs) from five sides except the bottom. CALO is made of about 104 cubes of LYSO crystals, corresponding to about 55 radiation lengths and 3 nuclear interaction lengths, respectively. The top STK microstrips of seven X-Y layers are sandwiched with tungsten converters to make precise directional measurements of incoming electrons and gamma-rays. In the baseline design, each of the four side SKTs is made of only three layers microstrips. All STKs will also be used for measuring the charge and incoming directions of cosmic rays, as well as identifying back scattered tracks. With this design, HERD can achieve the following performance: energy resolution of 1\% for electrons and gamma-rays beyond 100 GeV, 20\% for protons from 100 GeV to 1 PeV; electron/proton separation power better than 10−5; effective geometrical factors of >3 m2sr for electron and diffuse gamma-rays, >2 m2sr for cosmic ray nuclei. R\&D is under way for reading out the LYSO signals with optical fiber coupled to image intensified CCD and the prototype of one layer of CALO.
Introduction to the high energy cosmic-radiation detection (HERD) facility onboard China's future space station / Zhang, Shuang-Nan; Adriani, Oscar; Albergo, Sebastiano; Ambrosi, Giovanni; An, Qi; Azzarello, Philippe; Bai, Yonglin; Bao, Tianwei; Bernardini, Paolo; Bertucci, Bruna; Bi, Xiaojun; Bongi, Massimo; Bottai, Sergio; Cao, Weiwei; Cao, Zhen; Chai, Junying; Chang, Jin; Chen, Guoming; Chen, Y.; Chen, Zhen; Cui, X.H.; Dai, Z.G.; D'Alessandro, Raffaello; Di Santo, Margherita; Dong, Yongwei; Duranti, Matteo; Fan, Y.Z.; Fang, Kun; Feng, C.Q.; Feng, Hua; Formato, Valerio; Fusco, Piergiorgio; Gao, Jiarui; Gargano, Fabio; Giglietto, Nicola; Gou, Q.B.; Guo, Y.Q.; He, H.H.; Hu, H.B.; Hu, Peng; Huang, G.S.; Huang, J.; Huang, Y.F.; Li, H.; Li, Ran; Li, Yong; Li, Z.; Liang, E.W.; Lin, Sujie; Liu, H.; Liu, Hongbang; Liu, J.B.; Liu, S.B.; Liu, S.M.; Liu, Xin; Loparco, Francesco; Lyu, Junguang; Marsella, Giovanni; Mazziottai, Mario Nicola; De Mitri, Ivan; Mori, Nicola; Papini, Paolo; Pearce, Mark; Peng, Wenxi; Pohl, Martin; Quan, Zheng; Ryde, Felix; Shi, Dalian; Su, Meng; Sun, X.L.; Sun, Xin; Surdo, Antonio; Tang, Z.C.; Vannuccini, Elena; Walter, Roland; Wang, Bingbing; Wang, Bo; Wang, J.C.; Wang, J.M.; Wang, Junjing; Wang, Le; Wang, Ruijie; Wang, X.L.; Wang, X.Y.; Wang, Zhigang; Wei, D.M.; Wu, Bobing; Wu, J.; Wu, Qiong; Wu, Xin; Wu, X.F.; Xu, Ming; Xu, Z.Z.; Yan, H.R.; Yin, P.F.; Yu, Y.W.; Yuan, Q.; Zha, M.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.L.; Zhao, Z.G.. - In: POS PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENCE. - ISSN 1824-8039. - ELETTRONICO. - PoS(ICRC2017)1077:(2017), pp. 1-12. [10.22323/1.301.1077]
Introduction to the high energy cosmic-radiation detection (HERD) facility onboard China's future space station
Adriani, Oscar;Bongi, Massimo;Bottai, Sergio;D'Alessandro, Raffaello;Mori, Nicola;Papini, Paolo;Vannuccini, Elena;
2017
Abstract
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is one of several space astronomy payloads onboard China's Space Station, which is planned for operation starting around 2025 for about 10 years. The main scientific objectives of HERD are searching for signal of dark matter annihilation products, precise cosmic electron (plus positron) spectrum and anisotropy measurements up to 10 TeV, precise cosmic ray spectrum and composition measurements up to the knee energy, and high energy gamma-ray monitoring and survey. HERD is composed of a 3-D cubic calorimeter (CALO) surrounded by microstrip silicon trackers (STKs) from five sides except the bottom. CALO is made of about 104 cubes of LYSO crystals, corresponding to about 55 radiation lengths and 3 nuclear interaction lengths, respectively. The top STK microstrips of seven X-Y layers are sandwiched with tungsten converters to make precise directional measurements of incoming electrons and gamma-rays. In the baseline design, each of the four side SKTs is made of only three layers microstrips. All STKs will also be used for measuring the charge and incoming directions of cosmic rays, as well as identifying back scattered tracks. With this design, HERD can achieve the following performance: energy resolution of 1\% for electrons and gamma-rays beyond 100 GeV, 20\% for protons from 100 GeV to 1 PeV; electron/proton separation power better than 10−5; effective geometrical factors of >3 m2sr for electron and diffuse gamma-rays, >2 m2sr for cosmic ray nuclei. R\&D is under way for reading out the LYSO signals with optical fiber coupled to image intensified CCD and the prototype of one layer of CALO.
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