Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for noninvasive plant diagnostics.

Plant systems are frequently important agriculture commodity crops, and it can be critical to track emerging pathogen infections or nutrient deficiencies that can limit or prevent food production. While some methods have been developed for in field monitoring, they are frequently invasive and not rapid. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by all plant systems, and present a possible noninvasive window through which we can monitor plant health. Here we review different methods of VOC sampling and detection and elucidate potential of VOC monitoring for precision agriculture.