Mesenchymal stem cells, implications for pain therapy.

MSCs were firstly described around 1970s by Friedenstein and his collaborators as a subpopulation of colony forming, clonogenic, plastic adherent stromal bone marrow derived cells, with the capacity to regenerate other tissues (Murphy et al., 2013). Caplan (1991) proposed that these mesenchymal cells were “stem” because of their ability to differentiate to any lineage of mesodermal cells. The richest sources of MSCs are bone marrow and adipose tissue, but they can also be isolated from synovial fluid, periosteum, fetal organs, placenta, umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid