Recent strategies in nanodelivery systems for natural products: a review

Natural products are major molecules for drug discovery due to their structural diversity and their interaction with various biological targets, yet their clinical application is limited by poor water solubility or low lipophilicity, inappropriate molecular size, low dissolution rate and permeation, instability, high metabolic rate and rapid clearance. These issues can be solved by nanomedicine, by improving bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Here we review nanocarriers made of polymer or lipid constituents. Specifically, we describe the technological characteristics of each nanosystem, with examples of application to single natural constituents or plant extracts, and possible routes of administration. We report in vitro and in vivo studies and we conclude with the potential advantages of nanodelivery systems in terms of increased stability and solubility, improved biodistribution and efficacy, reduced adverse effects and toxicity.