Objectives: To assess the effect of migrant status on treatment outcomes among children living with HIV in Europe. Methods: Children aged < 18 years at the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in European paediatric HIV observational cohorts where ≥ 5% of children were migrants (defined as born abroad) were included. Three outcomes were considered: (i) severe immunosuppression-for-age; (ii) viraemic viral load (≥ 400 copies/mL) at 1 year after ART initiation; and (iii) AIDS/death after ART initiation. The effect of migrant status was assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox models. Results: Of 2620 children included across 12 European countries, 56% were migrants. At ART initiation, migrant children were older than domestic-born children (median 6.1 vs. 0.9 years, p < 0.001), with slightly higher proportions being severely immunocompromised (35% vs. 33%) and with active tuberculosis (2% vs. 1%), but a lower proportion with an AIDS diagnosis (14% vs. 19%) (all p < 0.001). At 1 year after beginning ART, a lower proportion of migrant children were viraemic (18% vs. 24%) but there was no difference in multivariable analysis (p = 0.702), and no difference in severe immunosuppression (p = 0.409). However, there was a trend towards higher risk of AIDS/death in migrant children (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.96–2.38, p = 0.072). Conclusions: After adjusting for characteristics at ART initiation, migrant children have virological and immunological outcomes at 1 year of ART that are comparable to those who are domestic-born, possibly indicating equity in access to healthcare in Europe. However, there was some evidence of a difference in AIDS-free survival, which warrants further monitoring.

Children living with HIV in Europe: do migrants have worse treatment outcomes? / Chappell E.; Kohns Vasconcelos M.; Goodall R.L.; Galli L.; Goetghebuer T.; Noguera-Julian A.; Rodrigues L.C.; Scherpbier H.; Smit C.; Bamford A.; Crichton S.; Navarro M.L.; Ramos J.T.; Warszawski J.; Spolou V.; Chiappini E.; Venturini E.; Prata F.; Kahlert C.; Marczynska M.; Marques L.; Naver L.; Thorne C.; Gibb D.M.; Giaquinto C.; Judd A.; Collins I.J.; Goodall R.; Rodrigues L.; Duff C.; Goodall R.; Gomezpena D.; Jackson C.; Lundin R.; Mangiarini L.; Milanzi E.; Nardone A.; Hainaut M.; Van der Kelen E.; Delforge M.; Le Chenadec J.; Ramos E.; Dialla O.; Wack T.; Laurent C.; Ait si Selmi L.; Leymarie I.; Ait Benali F.; Brossard M.; Boufassa L.; Floch-Tudal C.; Firtion G.; Hau I.; Chace A.; Bolot P.; Blanche S.; Granier M.; Labrune P.; Lachassine E.; Dollfus C.; Levine M.; Fourcade C.; Heller-Roussin B.; Runel-Belliard C.; Tricoire J.; Monpoux F.; Chirouze C.; Reliquet V.; Brouard J.; Kebaili K.; Fialaire P.; de Villeneuve A.; Lalande M.; de Flandres J.; Mazingue F.; Partisani M.L.; de Martino M.; Angelo Tovo P.; Gabiano C.; Carloni I.; Larovere D.; Baldi F.; Miniaci A.; Pession A.; Badolato R.; Panto G.; Anastasio E.; Montagnani C.; Bianchi L.; Allodi A.; Di Biagio A.; Grignolo S.; Giacomet V.; Marchisio P.; Banderali G.; Tagliabue C.; Cellini M.; Bruzzese E.; Di Costanzo P.; Lo Vecchio A.; Dona D.; Rampon O.; Romano A.; Dodi I.; Esposito S.; Zuccaro V.; Zanaboni D.; Consolini R.; Bernardi S.; Genovese O.; Cristiano L.; Mazza A.; Garazzino S.; Mignone F.; Silvestro E.; Portelli V.; Kinderziekenhuis E.; van der Kuip M.; Pajkrt D.; Scherpbier H.J.; de Boer C.; Weijsenfeld A.M.; Jurriaans S.; Back N.K.T.; Zaaijer H.L.; Berkhout B.; Cornelissen M.T.E.; Schinkel C.J.; Wolthers K.C.; Fraaij P.L.A.; van Rossum A.M.C.; Vermont C.L.; van der Knaap L.C.; Visser E.; Boucher C.A.B.; Koopmans M.P.G.; van Kampen J.J.A.; Henriet S.S.V.; van Aerde M.K.; Strik-Albers R.; Rahamat-Langendoen J.; Stelma F.F.; Burger D.; Scholvinck E.H.; de Groot-de Jonge H.; Niesters H.G.M.; van Leer-Buter C.C.; Knoester M.; Bont L.J.; Geelen S.P.M.; Loeffen Y.G.T.; Wolfs T.F.W.; Nauta N.; Schuurman R.; Hofstra L.M.; Wensing A.M.J.; Reiss P.; Zaheri S.; Boyd A.C.; Bezemer D.O.; van Sighem A.I.; Smit C.; Wit F.W.M.N.; Hillebregt M.M.J.; Woudstra T.J.; Bergsma D.; van de Sande L.; Rutkens T.; van der Vliet S.; Lelivelt K.J.; Scheijgrond A.; de Groot L.; van den Akker M.; Bakker Y.; EI Berkaoui A.; Bezemer M.; Bretin N.; Djoechro E.; Groters M.; Kruijne E.; Lelivelt K.J.; Lodewijk C.; Lucas E.; Munjishvili L.; Paling F.; Peeck B.; Ree C.; Regtop R.; Ruijs Y.; Schoorl M.; Schnorr P.; Tuijn E.; Veenenberg L.; Visser K.M.; Witte E.C.; Ruijs Y.; Popielska J.; Pokorska-Spiewak M.; Oldakowska A.; Zawadka K.; Coupland U.; Doroba M.; Teixeira C.; Fernandes A.; Soler-Palacin P.; Antoinette Frick M.; Perez-Hoyos S.; Mur A.; Lopez N.; Mendez M.; Mayol L.; Vallmanya T.; Calavia O.; Garcia L.; Coll M.; Pineda V.; Rius N.; Rovira N.; Duenas J.; Fortuny C.; Jose Mellado M.; Escosa L.; Garcia Hortelano M.; Sainz T.; Gonzalez-Tome M.I.; Rojo P.; Blazquez D.; Prieto-Tato L.; Epalza C.; Tomas Ramos J.; Guillen S.; Navarro M.L.; Saavedra J.; Santos M.; Santiago B.; de Ory S.J.; Carrasco I.; Munoz-Fernandez M.A.; Angel Roa M.; Penin M.; Martinez J.; Badillo K.; Onate E.; Pocheville I.; Garrote E.; Colino E.; Gomez Sirvent J.; Garzon M.; Roman V.; Angulo R.; Neth O.; Falcon L.; Terol P.; Luis Santos J.; Moreno D.; Lendinez F.; Peromingo E.; Uberos J.; Ruiz B.; Grande A.; Jose Romero F.; Perez C.; Lillo M.; Losada B.; Herranz M.; Bustillo M.; Collado P.; Antonio Couceiro J.; Vila L.; Calvino C.; Isabel Piqueras A.; Oltra M.; Gavilan C.; Montesinos E.; Dapena M.; Alvarez C.; Jimenez B.; Gloria Andres A.; Marugan V.; Ochoa C.; Alfayate S.; Isabel Menasalvas A.; del Prado Y.R.; NaverNaver L.; Soeria-Atmadja S.; Belfrage E.; Hagas V.; Aebi-Popp K.; Anagnostopoulos A.; Battegay M.; Baumann M.; Bernasconi E.; Boni J.; Braun D.L.; Bucher H.C.; Calmy A.; Cavassini M.; Ciuffi A.; Crisinel P.A.; Duppenthaler A.; Dollenmaier G.; Egger M.; Elzi L.; Fehr J.; Fellay J.; Francini K.; Furrer H.; Fux C.A.; Gunthard H.F.; Haerry D.; Hasse B.; Hirsch H.H.; Hoffmann M.; Hosli I.; Huber M.; Kaiser L.; Keiser O.; Klimkait T.; Kottanattu L.; Kouyos R.D.; Kovari H.; Ledergerber B.; Martinetti G.; Martinez de Tejada B.; Marzolini C.; Metzner K.J.; Muller N.; Nicca D.; Paioni P.; Pantaleo G.; Perreau M.; Polli C.; Rauch A.; Rudin C.; Scherrer A.U.; Schmid P.; Speck R.; Stockle M.; Sultan-Beyer L.; Tarr P.; Thanh Lecompte M.; Trkola A.; Vernazza P.; Wagner N.; Wandeler G.; Weber R.; Yerly S.; Lyall H.; Butler K.; Doerholt K.; Doherty C.; Foster C.; Harrison I.; Kenny J.; Klein N.; Letting G.; McMaster P.; Murau F.; Nsangi E.; Prime K.; Riordan A.; Shackley F.; Shingadia D.; Storey S.; Tudor-Williams G.; Turkova A.; Welch S.; Cook C.; Dobson D.; Fairbrother K.; Gibb D.M.; Prevost M.L.; Van Looy N.; Peters H.; Francis K.; Thrasyvoulou L.; Welch S.; Fidler K.; Bernatoniene J.; Manyika F.; Sharpe G.; Subramaniam B.; Hague R.; Price V.; Flynn J.; Cardoso A.; Abou - Rayyah M.; Klein N.; Bamford A.; Shingadia D.; Yeadon S.; Segal S.; Hawkins S.; Dowie M.; Bandi S.; Percival E.; Eisenhut M.; Duncan K.; Anguvaa L.; Wren L.; Flood T.; Pickering A.; McMaster P.; Murphy C.; Daniels J.; Lees Y.; Thompson F.; Williams A.; Williams B.; Pope S.; Libeschutz S.; Cliffe L.; Southall S.; Freeman A.; Freeman H.; Christie S.; Gordon A.; Rosie Hague D.; Clarke L.; Jones L.; Brown L.; Greenberg M.; Benson C.; Riordan A.; Ibberson L.; Shackley F.; Patel S.; Hancock J.; Doerholt K.; Prime K.; Sharland M.; Storey S.; Lyall E.G.H.; Foster C.; Seery P.; Tudor-Williams G.; Kirkhope N.; Raghunanan S.; Kenny J.; Callaghan A.; Bridgwood A.; McMaster P.; Evans J.; Blake E.; Yannoulias A.. - In: HIV MEDICINE. - ISSN 1464-2662. - ELETTRONICO. - (2021), pp. 0-0. [10.1111/hiv.13177]

Children living with HIV in Europe: do migrants have worse treatment outcomes?

Galli L.;Chiappini E.;Venturini E.;de Martino M.;Gabiano C.;Carloni I.;Larovere D.;Montagnani C.;Bianchi L.;Allodi A.;Marchisio P.;Cellini M.;Bruzzese E.;Lo Vecchio A.;Dodi I.;Cristiano L.;Garazzino S.;Mignone F.;Fernandes A.;Moreno D.;Perez C.;Martinetti G.;Kenny J.;Williams A.;Kenny J.;Evans J.;
2021

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the effect of migrant status on treatment outcomes among children living with HIV in Europe. Methods: Children aged < 18 years at the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in European paediatric HIV observational cohorts where ≥ 5% of children were migrants (defined as born abroad) were included. Three outcomes were considered: (i) severe immunosuppression-for-age; (ii) viraemic viral load (≥ 400 copies/mL) at 1 year after ART initiation; and (iii) AIDS/death after ART initiation. The effect of migrant status was assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox models. Results: Of 2620 children included across 12 European countries, 56% were migrants. At ART initiation, migrant children were older than domestic-born children (median 6.1 vs. 0.9 years, p < 0.001), with slightly higher proportions being severely immunocompromised (35% vs. 33%) and with active tuberculosis (2% vs. 1%), but a lower proportion with an AIDS diagnosis (14% vs. 19%) (all p < 0.001). At 1 year after beginning ART, a lower proportion of migrant children were viraemic (18% vs. 24%) but there was no difference in multivariable analysis (p = 0.702), and no difference in severe immunosuppression (p = 0.409). However, there was a trend towards higher risk of AIDS/death in migrant children (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.96–2.38, p = 0.072). Conclusions: After adjusting for characteristics at ART initiation, migrant children have virological and immunological outcomes at 1 year of ART that are comparable to those who are domestic-born, possibly indicating equity in access to healthcare in Europe. However, there was some evidence of a difference in AIDS-free survival, which warrants further monitoring.
2021
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Chappell E.; Kohns Vasconcelos M.; Goodall R.L.; Galli L.; Goetghebuer T.; Noguera-Julian A.; Rodrigues L.C.; Scherpbier H.; Smit C.; Bamford A.; Cric...espandi
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