Pregnancy outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: Data from a large cohort survey

Objectives Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can affect young and reproductively active patients. Our aim was to analyze pregnancy outcomes in a large cohort of women with IBD. Methods All women with at least one pregnancy were given a questionnaire regarding the outcome of their pregnancy. They were divided into IBD pregnancies and controls depending on whether pregnancy occurred within or over 10 years prior to the diagnosis of IBD. Results Three hundred questionnaires were analyzed for a total of 478 pregnancies that led to live-born babies. Age at conception was older in IBD women than in the controls. Active smoking was more frequent in the control group. The risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was higher in IBD pregnancies (odds ratio [OR] 3.028, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.245-7.370, P = 0.013). The week of gestation at delivery was lower in the IBD population. And the risk of cesarean section was higher in IBD pregnancies (OR 1.963, 95% CI 1.274-3.028, P = 0.002). Among women with IBD pregnancy, the risk of preterm birth was higher in patients with active disease at the time of conception (OR 4.088, 95% CI 1.112-15.025, P = 0.030), but lower in patients who continued regular therapy during pregnancy. Similarly, the risk of urgent cesarean section was reduced in the case of disease remission, while the risk of a planned cesarean delivery was higher in patients with perianal disease (OR 11.314, 95% CI 3.550-36.058, P < 0.01). Conclusions Our study shows a higher risk of IUGR, cesarean section, and poor blood pressure control in IBD pregnancies. We emphasize the importance of achieving disease remission before considering pregnancy.