We present a new X-ray spectroscopic study of 22 luminous (2 × 1045 ≲ Lbol/erg s-1 ≲ 2 × 1046) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at intermediate redshifts (0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.4), as part of the SUpermassive Black hole Winds in the x-rAYS (SUBWAYS) sample, mostly composed of quasars and type 1 AGNs. Here, 17 targets were observed with XMM-Newton in 2019- 2020, and the remaining 5 are from previous observations. The aim of this large campaign (1.45 Ms duration) is to characterise the various manifestations of winds in the X-rays driven from supermassive black holes in AGNs. In this paper we focus on the search for and characterisation of ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), which are typically detected through blueshifted absorption troughs in the Fe K band (E > 7 keV). By following Monte Carlo procedures, we confirm the detection of absorption lines corresponding to highly ionised iron (e.g. Fe XXV Hα and Fe XXVI Lyα) in 7 out of 22 sources at the ≳95% confidence level (for each individual line). The global combined probability of such absorption features in the sample is > 99.9%. The SUBWAYS campaign, based on XMM-Newton, extends to higher luminosities and redshifts than previous local studies on Seyferts. We find a UFO detection fraction of ∼30% of the total sample, which is in agreement with previous findings. This work independently provides further support for the existence of highly ionised matter propagating at mildly relativistic speeds (≳0.1c) in a considerable fraction of AGNs over a broad range of luminosities, which is believed to play a key role in the self-regulated AGN feeding-feedback cycle, as also supported by hydrodynamical multi-phase simulations.
Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS: I. Ultra-fast outflows in quasars beyond the local Universe / Matzeu G.A.; Brusa M.; Lanzuisi G.; Dadina M.; Bianchi S.; Kriss G.; Mehdipour M.; Nardini E.; Chartas G.; Middei R.; Piconcelli E.; Gianolli V.; Comastri A.; Longinotti A.L.; Krongold Y.; Ricci F.; Petrucci P.O.; Tombesi F.; Luminari A.; Zappacosta L.; Miniutti G.; Gaspari M.; Behar E.; Bischetti M.; Mathur S.; Perna M.; Giustini M.; Grandi P.; Torresi E.; Vignali C.; Bruni G.; Cappi M.; Costantini E.; Cresci G.; De Marco B.; De Rosa A.; Gilli R.; Guainazzi M.; Kaastra J.; Kraemer S.; La Franca F.; Marconi A.; Panessa F.; Ponti G.; Proga D.; Ursini F.; Baldini P.; Fiore F.; King A.R.; Maiolino R.; Matt G.; Merloni A.. - In: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS. - ISSN 0004-6361. - ELETTRONICO. - 670:(2023), pp. A182.0-A182.0. [10.1051/0004-6361/202245036]
Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS: I. Ultra-fast outflows in quasars beyond the local Universe
Brusa M.;Nardini E.;Zappacosta L.;Vignali C.;Cresci G.;Gilli R.;La Franca F.;Marconi A.;Baldini P.;Maiolino R.;Matt G.;
2023
Abstract
We present a new X-ray spectroscopic study of 22 luminous (2 × 1045 ≲ Lbol/erg s-1 ≲ 2 × 1046) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at intermediate redshifts (0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.4), as part of the SUpermassive Black hole Winds in the x-rAYS (SUBWAYS) sample, mostly composed of quasars and type 1 AGNs. Here, 17 targets were observed with XMM-Newton in 2019- 2020, and the remaining 5 are from previous observations. The aim of this large campaign (1.45 Ms duration) is to characterise the various manifestations of winds in the X-rays driven from supermassive black holes in AGNs. In this paper we focus on the search for and characterisation of ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), which are typically detected through blueshifted absorption troughs in the Fe K band (E > 7 keV). By following Monte Carlo procedures, we confirm the detection of absorption lines corresponding to highly ionised iron (e.g. Fe XXV Hα and Fe XXVI Lyα) in 7 out of 22 sources at the ≳95% confidence level (for each individual line). The global combined probability of such absorption features in the sample is > 99.9%. The SUBWAYS campaign, based on XMM-Newton, extends to higher luminosities and redshifts than previous local studies on Seyferts. We find a UFO detection fraction of ∼30% of the total sample, which is in agreement with previous findings. This work independently provides further support for the existence of highly ionised matter propagating at mildly relativistic speeds (≳0.1c) in a considerable fraction of AGNs over a broad range of luminosities, which is believed to play a key role in the self-regulated AGN feeding-feedback cycle, as also supported by hydrodynamical multi-phase simulations.
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