Orbital Infiltration in a Patient with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Need for Multidisciplinary Approach and Comparison with the Literature

The use of specific inhibitory drugs of intracellular signalling pathways (such as Bruton-Kinase inhibitors) for the treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a recognised risk factor for Aspergillus spp. infections. The overlapping clinical manifestations of the two diseases may require the involvement of different medical specialities. We describe the clinical course of a patient with pulmonary and encephalic aspergillosis, with concomitant orbital infiltration, which represented a difficult diagnosis: the case required a multidisciplinary approach to define the ocular lesions and an in-depth study of the literature.