Albumin infusion reduces ascite occurrence in Child-Pugh B patients treated by Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab for advanced HCC

Background: Long-term albumin infusions have been associated with improved outcomes in decompensated cirrhotic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of albumin infusion on the prognosis of Child-Pugh B patients undergoing treatment with AtezoBev for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentric study that included all Child-Pugh B cirrhotic patients treated with AtezoBev since 2020. We examined the effects of albumin infusion (40 g every 3 weeks) on overall survival (OS) and the occurrence of cirrhosis-related complications. Time-to-event data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier with the log-rank test and Cox models. Results: Forty-seven HCC patients with a Child-Pugh B score who received AtezoBev were included, of whom 26% also received albumin infusions every 3 weeks. The two groups were similar in terms of liver function and HCC parameters. The median OS was 4.4 and 5.8 months (p = 0.42) for patients who did or did not receive albumin, respectively. The occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy and variceal bleeding was similar between the two groups. However, albumin infusions were associated with a significantly lower rate of ascites expansion/development (13% versus 57%, p = 0.005). Cox analysis revealed that a history of ascites (HR=3.82 [95% CI: 1.73-8.48]) was independently associated with a higher risk of ascites expansion/development, whereas albumin infusions were protective (HR=0.07 [95% CI: 0.01-0.54]). Conclusions: Albumin infusion did not improve overall survival in Child-Pugh B HCC patients treated with AtezoBev, but it significantly reduced the expansion/development of ascites.