Effects of the implementation of the dynamic silver code in the emergency department

Background: Older persons accessing the Emergency Department (ED) spend more time and are at increased risk of poor outcomes. The Dynamic Silver Code (DSC), based on administrative data, predicts mortality of 75+ subjects visiting the ED. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the implementation of the DSC in the ED. Methods: A pre -post comparison was conducted in the ED of a community hospital in Florence, Italy before and after the DSC was fully implemented. In the post-DSC phase, a clinical decision tree was applied: patients at low-mild risk (DSC class I and II) were assigned to Internal Medicine, those at moderate risk (class III) to Geriatrics, and those at high risk (class IV) required geriatric consultation before assignment. Outcome measures were ED length of stay (LOS) and, in patients admitted to Geriatrics, weight of the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), hospital LOS, and mortality. Results: 7,270 patients were enrolled in the pre-DSC and 4,725 in the post-DSC phase. ED LOS decreased from a median of 380 [206, 958] in the pre-DSC to 318 [178, 655] min in the post-DSC period (p<0.001). Class III represented the largest share of admissions to Geriatrics in the post-DSC period (57.7 % vs. 38.3 %; p<0.001). In patients admitted to Geriatrics, hospital LOS decreased by one day (p = 0.006) between the two study periods, with greater DRG weight and comparable mortality. Conclusions: Application of the DSC seemed to ease patient flow and to reduce LOS of older patients in the ED and increased appropriateness of admissions to Geriatrics.