Exploring perceptions of vaccine safety: an Italian national survey on different COVID-19 vaccine formulations

Objectives: COVID-19 vaccines have proven effective and safe, enabling the resumption of normal life. However, misinformation has hindered vaccination efforts. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of vaccine safety among Italians through an anonymous online survey. Study design: An anonymous online survey was conducted from April to July 2022 and disseminated through social platforms, among adult individuals living in Italy. Results: A total of 1,329 individuals participated. Younger individuals and healthcare professionals showed greater trust in vaccines. Education level was significantly associated with perceived vaccine safety. Most respondents, including many healthcare workers and highly educated individuals, believed vaccines to be safe, with confidence levels of 39.5% for mRNA, 32.9% for viral vector, and 39% for protein subunit vaccines. Younger age and trust in institutions were linked to higher confidence in all vaccine types. Conclusions: These findings may be useful to further investigate the drivers of vaccine safety perceptions and their relationship with vaccine hesitancy and may help to develop more effective communication campaigns in the future.