Exogenous shocks and intra-household dynamics

This thesis examines the impact of exogenous shocks—specifically climate variability and conflicts—on intra-household dynamics in developing countries, focusing on Benin and Nigeria. Intra-household dynamics significantly affect poverty alleviation and social equity by influencing resource distribution and decision-making within families, directly impacting vulnerable members. By providing insights into these dynamics, the studies aim to enhance the targeting and efficacy of policies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of shocks and promoting resilience among households in sub-Saharan Africa. The thesis addresses critical gaps in development research by leveraging robust methodologies and high-quality data, enhancing the reliability and applicability of its findings. Nigeria's diverse ethnic landscape and history of conflicts, combined with Benin's significant climate challenges, offer a rich comparative perspective that can inform broader policy frameworks. Chapter 1 reveals that climate shocks often lead to a pro-men reallocation of agricultural resources in farm households. This highlights gender-based disparities in resource distribution and suggests the need for gender-sensitive policies in agricultural support programs. Chapter 2 uncovers that the relationship between different types of conflicts and intra-household resource allocation varies depending on the actors involved. The findings also highlight inequalities among adults and children that standard poverty measures cannot account for. Chapter 3 demonstrates that exposure to conflict increases child labour, partially attributable to climate shocks. However, floods and droughts have different time frames of impact on children’s well-being. Overall, the studies contribute to a more nuanced understanding of poverty and intra-household behaviour. This thesis advances academic knowledge and provides actionable insights for policymakers aiming to develop comprehensive strategies to improve resilience and reduce inequalities of vulnerable populations in developing countries. It urges to include climate mitigation strategies for conflict relief.