Trait-mediated interactions in agro-ecosystems: development of innovative biological control methods

This study underscores the potential of ant-derived chemical compounds in developing sustainable pest control strategies. By harnessing the natural ecological dynamics of ant-pest interactions, semiochemical-based approaches can provide an innovative alternative to synthetic pesticides. The use of chemically mediated biological control strategies, such as the application of ant-derived semiochemicals, presents numerous potential benefits for agriculture, particularly in terms of biodiversity conservation, food quality, and human health. From a biodiversity perspective, this approach can reduce the reliance on conventional chemical pesticides, which are known to negatively impact non-target species, including pollinators and beneficial predators (Pimentel, 2005; Aktar et al., 2009). By mimicking natural ecological interactions, semiochemical-based methods preserve beneficial insect populations, thus supporting ecosystem stability and promoting more sustainable pest management practices (Smargiassi et al., 2023). In terms of food quality, these alternative pest control methods are likely to result in fewer pesticide residues on crops, enhancing the safety and quality of the food produced. This is crucial for both consumer health and the environment, as reducing synthetic pesticide use minimizes the risks associated with pesticide exposure, such as carcinogenic effects or endocrine disruption (Aktar et al., 2009). Moreover, by targeting specific pests without harming non-target organisms, these methods contribute to the overall health of agroecosystems, fostering soil fertility, plant health, and crop resilience (Offenberg, 2015). From a human health perspective, minimizing the use of toxic pesticides not only reduces potential direct exposure to harmful chemicals but also mitigates long-term health risks associated with pesticide accumulation in the food chain (Pimentel, 2005). Ultimately, the integration of semiochemical-based pest control could play a significant role in developing more sustainable agricultural systems that balance the need for pest management with the conservation of biodiversity, the enhancement of food quality, and the protection of human health.