Język vs kultura – tożsamość kulturowa dwujęzycznych reprezentantów emigracji okołosolidarnościowej we Włoszech

Language vs Culture – the Cultural Identity of Bilingual Polish Immigrants in Italy before and during the Solidarność period. The subject of this paper is the cultural identity of bilingual Polish immigrants who moved to Italy between 1956 and 1999. The bilingualism and the cultural identity of the subjects investigated have been presented as individualized phenomena and as an ongoing lifetime process. Applying the affective criterion, the author has distinguished six types of identity attitudes, the most important of which is the “over‑particularist cultural and national identity”, an attitude not oriented around a specific language or culture, but related to an emotional state or a psychological need predominant in the respondent’s life.