Algerian Hydraulic Heritage: Techniques and Materials in 19th–20th Centuries Dams

Many large dams were constructed in Algeria during the 19th and 20th centuries under French occupation, including masonry and placed rockfill dams. These structures represent a valuable engineering and architectural heritage which is neglected and in danger of disappearing due to deterioration. This article aims to shed light on these overlooked structures, as in the absence of any planned rehabilitation efforts, comprehensive documentation and inventories remain the last alternative to record and preserve this heritage for future generations. In this study, we created a database using ArcGIS software, in which we geolocated all dams built in Algeria during the colonial period and assigned essential attributes to each dam. From this dataset, we selected 14 case studies, comprising masonry and placed rockfill dams. Furthermore, through field visits and available historic data, we conducted a detailed analysis of the case studies to document the technical solutions adopted for their profiles, auxiliary works, masonry techniques, mortars, and stone dressing methods used in the construction of these dams. We then elaborated inventory fiches to summarize the main masonry techniques utilized. Additionally, we conducted a chemical and mechanical characterization of mortar samples collected from two masonry dams and suggested preservation pathways to safeguard these dams.