Advanced 3D Simulations of a Four-Stroke High-Performance Engine Valvetrain for the Analysis of the Mechanical Stresses and Energy Losses

This study develops a 3D Comsol Multiphysics model of a high-performance single-cylinder intake valvetrain to evaluate stresses, deformations, and dynamic effects such as valve float and bounce. The model is validated with experimental data and used to test mitigation strategies, including lightweight finger-follower material and optimized cam profiles, reducing dynamic effects and component stresses.