Characterization of (micro-)plastics in groundwater bodies: insights from Italian aquifers

Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) are considered as contaminants of emerging concern, since they are ubiquitously present in the majority of ecosystems. This research focuses on the chemical characterization of MPs in four Italian groundwater bodies, two karst caves, one in Piedmont and the other in Tuscany, and two saturated alluvial aquifers in Florence (Tuscany). Atmospheric depositions, infiltrations through soil and anthropic contribution, especially in touristic areas, can cause MPs penetration into groundwater bodies, posing a risk not only to groundwaters’ quality but also to biodiversity conservation in these sensitive ecosystems. A single water sample was collected from each sampling site, and, if necessary, an oxidative digestion step was performed to remove any organic matter that could interfere with subsequent analysis. Vacuum filtration was employed on each sample, followed by a preliminary observation using a stereomicroscope to assess colors and shapes. The chemical characterization was done by 2D imaging Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Every polymer found in each site was classified by shape, color and composition.