Immunology at feto-maternal interface

Reproductive biology serves as the foundation for other biological disciplines, as reproduction has been the key driver of evolution in both simple and complex organisms. Evolutionary success is ultimately measured by biological fitness, which hinges on successful reproduction. Consequently, reproductive sciences have become a major focus of research. In particular, reproductive immunology has gained unprecedented attention, driven by societal industrialization, delayed marriages, and declining fertility rates. Despite advancements in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the low success rate of embryo transfer remains a major bottleneck in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Thus, deciphering the immunological mechanisms of embryo implantation—particularly how maternal immune cells at the pregnancy site foster tolerance to fetal antigens—is critical.