Structure-activity relationships studies in a series of N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) dependent multidrug resistance (MDR) inhibitors

As a continuation of a previous research, a series of N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters, as Pgp-dependent MDR inhibitors, was designed and synthesized. The aromatic ester portions are suitably modulated, and new aryl rings (Ar(1) and Ar(2)) were combined with trans-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)vinyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and anthracene moieties that were present in the most potent previously studied compounds. The new compounds showed a wide range of potencies and efficacies on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells (K562/DOX) in the pirarubicin uptake assay. Selected compounds (5, 6, 8, 9, and 21) were further studied, evaluating their action on doxorubicin cytotoxicity potentiation on K562 cells; they significantly enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity on K562/DOX cells, confirming the results obtained with pirarubicin. Compound 9 shows the most promising properties as it was able to nearly completely reverse Pgp-dependent pirarubicin extrusion at nanomolar doses and increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin with a reversal fold (RF) of 19.1 at 3 microM dose.