Il tombeau di Jean-Jacques Rousseau al Panthéon. Dalla capanna rustica di Vitruvio alla sua fortuna iconografica nella trattatistica fra XV e XVIII secolo.

The thesis concerns the study of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's tombeau in the crypt of Pantheon in Paris, a subject still unexploited. The formal characteristics of the wooden monument, a small scale rustic temple, are observed and framed within the context of the iconographic tradition of the origins of architecture with the Vitruvian Hut as its archetype. The role played by architects Auguste Cheval de Saint-Hubert and Jean-Thomas Thibault in the conception of the tomb has been analysed, based on original documents uncovered in French archives and supported by a punctual analysis of many types of resources. The possible participation of Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de Quincy for the development of the concept of the monument is also included as part of the debate about the organisation, in October 1794, of the ceremony in honour of Rousseau. Moreover, an architectural survey has been executed in the context of this work, in order to study the proportions of the monument that strongly resembles a wooden rustic temple. This survey reveals several interesting connections with the Classical Order system (specifically the Tuscan Order) theorised upon within the literature. The tree-shaped wooden columns of the tombeau recall directly Vitruvius' description of the first human-built structure, so similar to the one Laugier tries to illustrate in the frontispiece of his treatise and very near to the primitive house after the first revolution theorised by Rousseau himself.