Substituted benzene sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazinyl moieties potently inhibit human carbonic anhydrases II, IX and XII

A series of benzene sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazinyl moieties were synthesized using cyanuric chloride as starting material. Inhibition studies against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms I, II (cytosolic) and IX, XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated) isoforms were performed with the new compounds. hCA I was modestly inhibited (KIs in the range of 87 nM-4.35 μM), hCA II was moderately inhibited by most of the new compounds (KIs in the range of 12.5-130 nM), whereas the tumor associated isoforms were potently inhibited, with KIs in the range of 1.2-34.1 nM against hCA IX and of 2.1-33.9 against hCA XII, respectively. Docking studies of some of the new compounds showed an effective binding mode within the enzyme active site, as demonstrated earlier by X-ray crystallography for structurally-related sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazinyl functionalities.