In-situ static and dynamic testing and numerical modelling for the investigation of a local damage on the dome of the Siena Cathedral (Italy)

The chapter reports on the in-situ experimental campaign and the numerical modelling that were performed to assess the static and dynamic behaviour of the Cupola of the Siena Cathedral in Italy: an irregular polygonal masonry structure built in the 13th century and composed of two domes. The research was motivated by the failure of some of the stone-trusses which connect the two masonry domes and consists of: a) single and double flat-jack tests in the internal dome, b) dynamic vibration tests on the Cupola under environmental (wind) and artificial (vibrodyne) loads and c) dynamic vibration tests on the double colonnade located below the Cupola (hammer impact tests). Results of tests were employed to identify a numerical model of the Cupola, which allowed to simulate its structural behaviour and to account for the failure of the stone-trusses between the two domes. The numerical model was later extended to the whole Cathedral. Through the discussion of an emblematic case study, the chapter shows a careful application of non-destructive testing (NDT) and numerical modelling in the field of assessment (and rehabilitation) of heritage buildings.