Social, economic, and environmental impacts of biomass and biofuel supply chains

A literature review examining the primary methods and parameters applied to evaluate the sustainability of biomass and biofuel supply chains was conducted. This chapter focuses on the primary potential positive and negative impacts of bioenergy and biofuel production on environmental, economic, and social pillars of sustainability. Following a description of criteria and indicators suitable to compute biomass chain efficiency, particular attention is paid to integration techniques and mix-method approaches. The final remarks note the potential future trends of research in this sector, with particular emphasis being placed on the paradigm of complexity science and the evaluation of uncertainty in biomass chain assessment and management.