Northern Syrian dwellings are cell buildings characterized by the presence of corbelled domed roofs built with adobe bricks. In the steppes and the uplands of Northern and Central Syria the availability of earth as the only building material generated this unique architecture, that is an expression of the complex relationship between environment and people spanning thousands of years. This paper aims to describe the earthen dome architecture of northern Syria, that have been the object of the ‘Coupoles Et Habitats, une tradition constructive entre Orient et Occident’ project (embedded within Culture 2000 programme, funded by EU) analysing the main characters of this building technique, the problems of its conservation, and identifying the strategy for the safeguarding of this amazing heritage.