Electrochemical‐Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics

A rapid and accurate medical diagnosis is essential in order to determine the health status of a patient and provide him the most suitable treatment. Nowadays most of the clinical analyses are conducted in specialized laboratory, which required specific and automatized instrumentation, trained personal, resulting in an increase of analysis costs and time. In this context, electrochemical biosensors represent ideal tools capable to provide a specific and fast response coupled with their low cost, easy use and portable size. In this chapter, recent advance in electrochemical biosensors for disease detection and diagnosis were reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on nanostructured-based biosensors, which show a substantial improvement of the analytical performances. Selected devices demonstrated opportune sensitivity, specificity and future perspective in real samples analysis.