The Euthymia Scale: A Clinimetric Analysis

Fava and Bech [1] were the first who provided a comprehensive definition of euthymia since they conceptualized it as a condition characterized not only by the absence of affective disorders, as commonly conceived in psychiatry, but, most importantly, as characterized by the presence of psychological flexibility and resistance to stress. In this vein, they [1] developed a self-report rating scale, called Euthymia Scale (ES), which incorporates Jahoda’s conceptualization of euthymia [2], that is the individual’s balance among psychic forces leading to high levels of resilience and frustration tolerance, and the 5-item World Health Organization