La sperimentazione di procedure di modellazione parametrica per i beni culturali. Dal rilievo digitale al modello HBIM per la valorizzazione e gestione di alcuni esempi del patrimonio storico architettonico

The research developed within the doctoral thesis addresses the issue related to the introduction of new BIM (Building Information Modeling) processes and tools in the architectural representation of built heritage. The evolution of Building Information Modeling protocols in the AEC sector changes the related representation methods and a change in the design process structure. Over the last few years, the conceptual approach of Building Information Modeling has had a substantial impact on traditional workflows, radically transforming standard professional protocols and practices. Digital information communication applied to cultural heritage (HBIM, Historical Building Information Modeling) uses specific workflows for coordinating the entire process, from data collection to the final interactive model, the data to query the model elements based on different structured information levels. This trend is the object of criticism and study by the scientific sector of representation, investigating the possibilities of applying these methodologies to the world of representation and management of built historical heritage. The research was aimed at investigating HBIM methodological protocols and the relationships between 3D databases and BIM models. The construction of a multidimensional and multidisciplinary representation model, in which the representation of the elements results from the model structuring and critical reading of the real digitized space. As part of the research, reference was made to different scales of detail to distinguish between the types of models proposed for specific objectives and purposes to investigate the types of modeling and representation that can be performed in the reading levels’ gradual development. The act of transposing the architectural heritage into its virtual “double” implies a comparison of experiences and an in-depth evaluation of digital acquisition methodologies to make choices. Implementing meanings in the virtual context of digital expression implies granting a second life to the dimension of places, a life whose laws are dictated by information technology. The investigation is structured in a system of case studies chosen for the difference in detail scale to set up a granular research protocol, starting from the micro object scale to the architectural scale of the building, arriving at the representation of the relationship between buildings and territorial system at a macro-scale level. The analysis involves a breakdown of the representation problem, identifying protocols that can be applicable at different levels and scales of reading to represent and discretize parts and elements linked together in a hierarchical or interconnected relationship, outlining their criticality potential. This determines a process of simplification of the complexity of the real space. Through the construction of the image, digital transposition replicates in all respects the act of drawing. The products produced become tools from which to derive simplified and critically interpreted information. The research proposes a reflection between the relationship between digital survey and the development of 3D databases and the connection of these with modeling platforms and digital enhancement supported by analyzing the different data transformation steps. Information is processed from the three-dimensional database to produce drawings capable of transmitting and documenting the artifact’s historical value. The collection of this data will flow into an HBIM management model resulting from a critical and interpretative process of the architectural complex. This system is adapted, constituting itself as a valid data container for the cataloging and semantic qualification of the modeled elements that flow into the structuring of schedules of indexed elements. Research remains an open and constantly evolving topic, subject to criticism and developments. The necessary relationship between data acquired through reality-based technologies and the contradictory nature between identity and uniqueness of the historical heritage elements is evident. The search for a standardized catalog of elements typical of the BIM modeling concept aims to make a useful contribution to understanding technical and theoretical terms of the possibilities of the BIM tool applied to the Cultural Heritage sector.