Dealing with mass flow-induced tsunamis at Stromboli volcano: monitoring strategies through multi-platform remote sensing

Volcano landslides or explosions-induced mass flows constitute an important trigger of tsunamis. Even if landslide-induced tsunamis can produce more local impacts comparable earthquake-induced tsunamis, large volume failure of volcanic edifice may cause tsunamis with widespread effects. Considering this, successful strategies for volcano slope instability detection must involve the integration of different methodologies for mapping, monitoring, and automated approaches for early warning, integrating field-based studies, geomorphological mapping, remote sensing data, geophysical and geochemical investigations, and/or numerical modelling. In this contribution, the applications of different remote sensing techniques products for the identification, mapping, and forecasting mass movements in the island of Stromboli are presented. The integration of space-borne and ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar displacement data with the analysis of (topographic- and SAR amplitude images based) change detection allowed the identification the evolution of the slope instability phenomena and the geomorphological processes affecting the Stromboli unstable slopes. Ground based SAR devices are the key-instruments for the operational approach to mitigating landslide risks, being used to monitor the slope instability and to detect the inflation/deflation of the crater area.It is crucial to emphasize the importance of smart integration of space borne-derived hazard information with permanent-sited, operational monitoring by GBInSAR devices to detect areas impacted by mass wasting and volcanic activity.