Advancing Anti-Matter-Wave Interferometry: Design and Implementation of Techniques for Gravity Measurement on Positronium Atoms

This thesis explores the application of matter-wave interferometry techniques to antimatter, with a particular focus on measuring the gravitational effect on positronium atoms using a Large Momentum Transfer (LMT) interferometer and a high-power cavity for photodetachment of the negative positronium ion. The experimental phase of the photodetachment process is currently being refined, with simulation activities demonstrating the feasibility of the experiment and guiding the optimization of the experimental setup. Optical cavity simulations using the OSCAR package, FEM simulations via Ansys for thermal effects, and Monte Carlo simulations for beam divergence have been conducted. Results indicate that thermal effects are negligible and a circulating power of about 200 kW is achievable. The cavity has been assembled and tested in air, showing promising characteristics similar to high-finesse cavities. The final part of the thesis involves designing a single-photon LMT interferometer (SPLMT) to measure gravitational effects on positronium, operating with a fast atomic beam and high energy spread to accommodate the short lifetime of positronium. Simulations indicate that with a 10^8 Ps/s beam, an angular divergence of 10 mrad, and a relative measurement precision of dg/g = 10%, a data integration time of approximately 11 months is required. Quantum simulations for parasitic pattern influence show negligible effects. Comparisons between SPLMT and Bragg interferometers reveal that the SPLMT approach offers greater sensitivity due to its robustness against the Doppler effect. This work lays the groundwork for future developments in the positronium gravity measurement, highlighting its potential impact on understanding gravity on quantum scales and verifying fundamental physics theories. The results provide a foundation for further advancements in matter-wave interferometry and antimatter physics.