Electrochemical Hybridization-Based Biosensor in Environmental Monitoring

Since the 1990s, electrochemical genosensors have emerged as a dynamic analytical technique to perform qualitative and quantitative detection of "various analytes" in the field of clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental contamination. The term genosensor describes an analytical device resulting from the integration of a sequence-specific probe (usually a short synthetic oligonucleotide, termed capture probe) and a signal transducer. The capture probe, immobilized onto the transducer surface, acts as the biorecognition molecule and recognizes the target DNA or RNA. In this chapter, the essential features for developing an electrochemical genosensor will be elucidated. Moreover, this chapter discusses the application of electrochemical genosensors to environmental contamination and surveillance especially in the field of aquaculture and e-DNA.