Multisensory experience in cultural heritage museums: experimentation with more inclusive itineraries in Florentine museums

Museums, traditionally designed to preserve cultural heritage, have evolved to meet the needs of a changing society. Despite progress in removing physical barriers, many visitors still face challenges related to sensory, cognitive, and emotional needs. Current initiatives often focus on specific physical or sensory disabilities, neglecting a broader, integrated approach to inclusivity. Optimizing User Experience (UX) in museums is essential to offer engaging, personalized pathways that address diverse needs. Multisensory engagement—encompassing sight, touch, hearing, smell, and taste—is crucial for enhancing learning and interaction. Research shows that sensory involvement deepens understanding and emotional connection with art. The XALL project, conducted in three museums in Florence (Palazzo Vecchio, Museo Stefano Bardini, Museo Nazionale del Bargello), aims to make cultural heritage accessible to all, using Inclusive Design and Human-Centered Design principles. A participatory approach engaged disability associations and museum professionals to create inclusive sensory solutions. The methodology included user profiling, interaction analysis, prototype design, and usability testing. The project developed multisensory stations and customizable video guides integrating tactile descriptions, audio, and olfactory stimuli. Results showed increased engagement, improved understanding, and stronger emotional responses, particularly among visually impaired visitors. Tactile stations with 3D models and textured surfaces allowed direct interaction with artworks, enriching the experience for blind or visually impaired individuals. In conclusion, the XALL project demonstrates how multisensory approaches can transform the museum experience, making it accessible and engaging for all. The integration of advanced technologies and inclusive design principles can help create cultural spaces that cater to diverse audiences, fostering a deeper connection with cultural heritage.